ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF CHILD CARE IN HALYCHYNA (1900-1939)

The article deals with the evolution of organizational forms of child care in Ukrainian Halychyna. Child care in Ukraine has always been one of the major social issues and found its expression in pedagogical theory and practice. Its theoretical principles were elaborated in Halychyna by I. Bartoshevskyi, M. Halushchynskyi, Yu. Dzerovych, I. Kalynovych, M. Konrad, A. Sheptytskyi, I. Yushchyshyn. The study aims to analyze theoretical principles of child care and their practical implementation in Halychyna in the first third of the 20th century. In the early 20th century orphan foundations were important means of supporting children and youth. Social assistance to orphans and socially unprotected children was associated with compassion and charity. The article provides an overview of activities of Orphan Council (a public parochial institution), ―Shkilna Pomich‖ Association (1910) (School Aid), Ukrainian Regional Association for Children and Youth Protection (1917) whose task was to look after infants, preschool and school-age orphans, provide moral and religious education, satisfaction of vital needs, material support. The teachers demonstrated a high level of social responsibility, self-sacrifice and national consciousness. M. Halushchynskyi suggested dividing children under supervision into three age groups (4-7, 8-13 and 14-18 years old). The last two groups were further subdivided by gender (boys and girls). Playing was regarded as one of the specific forms of child-rearing capable of representing the community and national life in miniature. It is timely to retrieve Ukrainian traditions of child care in order to perfect current theories and practices.