Review-Influence of Nanomaterials on Cellular Stress, and Cellular Behavior

The cellular responses to stress are a complex phenomenon. These have faced varied impacts of the advancements in biomolecular, cellular and biomedical fields that have taken place from time to time. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have played their major roles in these advanced achievements. The interactions between cells and the various nanomaterials are obvious due to fabricated and/or engineered nanomaterials that are designed with special features to attain specific set targets. These nanomaterials are utilized in varied modes such as drug carriers, remedial agents of environmental aspects, biotechnological and biomedical processes, implants, biosensors etc. The implications of these wonder materials in any biosystems, industrial processes and products etc ensure their interactions with cells. Nanomaterials are also capable to induce cellular stress in biosystem as they are the components of the products used in daily life. There are numerous biomolecules and the cellular processes that are involved in intra and intercellular communications. The cellular communication is the prime functional aspect for cell survival. The interaction between the cells and the nanomaterials are likely to influence this cellular communications and other cellular processes. These features in all probabilities affect cellular responses. Cellular responses are protective and/ or rendering the affected cells prone to necrosis or cellular death. Various nanomaterials with different reactive affinities are bound to influence the cellular responses with respect to the stress. This reflects on the needs to evaluate and understand the mechanism involved during the process of cellular stress and the related behavior.