Isolation and Diagnosis of Anaerobic Bacteria of Periodontitis by Molecular Methods in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in Basra Province/Iraq

Objectives: Periodontitis disease is an infection of the tooth - supporting tissues resulting in tooth loss especially in patients with diabetes. Anaerobic bacteria being attributed to the onset and progress of the disease, most of the bacterial isolates reveals resistance to antibiotics when tested by Epsilometer test. Methods: A total of 73 samples were collected from patients with periodontitis were clinically examined in dental clinics in Basra province during the period from May 2016 to April 2017, and divided into two groups the diabetic and non-diabetic. All isolates subjected to cultural, microscopically examination and identified by 16SrDNA and sequencing. Results: Thirty-six bacterial isolates, include 20 isolates (55.5%) from diabetic patients and 16 isolates (44.4%) from non-diabetic, which diagnosed with bacteriological methods belongs to 5 species of 4 genera and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Streptococcus salivarius was the most reluctant as it formed 11(55%) and 8(50%) , Lactobacillus salivarius strain ZLS006 3(15%) and 4(25%); Streptococcus mutans 3(15%) and 2(12.5%), Veillonella Spp. 1(5%) and 2(12.5%) in diabetic non-diabetic patients respectively. Meanwhile, Enterococcus faecalis 2(5.3%) in diabetic patients only. L. salivarius strain ZLS006 was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, S. mutans was sensitive to Tetracycline and resistant to Nalidixic Acid. E. faecalis, S. salivarius and Veillonella spp. showed resistance to Tetracycline , L. salivarius strain ZLS006 showed resistance to Clarithromycin, Nalidixic Acid and Tetracycline. Conclusion: S. salivarius, L. salivarius strain ZLS006 , S. mutans and E. faecalis are considered as key pathogens in periodontitis and showed resistance to antibiotics.