THE SCIENTIFIC CONTEXT OF ZYGOMATIC IMPLANT IN BONE LOSS: A REVIEW

Introduction: The lack of bone in the alveolar ridge represents a major problem in aesthetic recovery in patients who suffered dentoalveolar traumas, traumatic extractions, congenital absence of tooth involvement involving the maxilla and mandible, infections due to emotional consequences and the possibility of deformity. Thus, the zygomatic implant (ZI) is an alternative when there is bone loss. Objective: to present the main considerations of the zygomatic implant in the context of bone loss, as well as to point out its main functions in the aesthetic and functional recovery of the patients' masticatory process and gain in the quality of life. Methods: The present study followed a model of literary review presenting and discussing case series, prospective, retrospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in humans with a publication time of the last ten years were selected and analyzed. Major findings: In the bone loss scenario, zygomatic (ZI) implant, although it may also have complications and risks, is a strong alternative to achieve success in the dental implant process in patients with significant bone loss. The amount of zygomatic bone is intrinsic to each patient. Predictors of tooth loss such as caries, periodontal disease or trauma are the protagonists of bone resorption, leading to complex fitting problems. The studies of ZI placed in patients with severely atrophic and resected maxilla confirm that this approach is a predictable method to support fixed or removable prostheses up to 18 years, demonstrating high survival rates. Therefore, zygomatic implants present a high survival rate accumulated in 12 years, with most failures occurring in the initial stages postoperatively. Conclusion: The present study confirmed that the ZI presents efficacy and safety for the functional and aesthetic treatment of the patients, as well as it makes possible an important gain in the quality of life.