The Stiffness of the Blood Vessels as a Component of Cardionephro - Cerebrovascular Risk for Obesity| Biomed Grid

Summary: In the studied sample the prevalence of 1st degree obesity was 70.4%. In 1st degree obesity, a significant increase in the stiffness index and the duration of the pulse wave are recorded, which were significantly more often associated with the type of the “A” pulse curve. In 3rd degree obesity, a significant increase in the level of central aortic and systolic blood pressure was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the level of augmentation index and the value of augmentation index brought to a pulse of 75 beats per minute. In persons with obesity, a relationship was noted between the value of body mass index with a stiffness index, an alternative stiffness index, and A2d4 vascular parameters. Materials and Methods: The study included 715 people aged 18 to 88 years (mean age 53.5 ± 11.8 years) with obesity, women 409 (57.2%) and men 306 (42.8%). All examined individuals were measured for body length (cm), body weight (kg) with the determination of body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), blood pressure (BP) systolic and diastolic (mm Hg), frequency heart rate (HR, beats/min). Depending on the BMI classified obesity (WHO, 1997): 1st degrees (30–34.9 kg/m2), 2nd degree (35–39.9 kg/m2), 3rd degree (more than 40 kg/m2). Investigated the central arterial (aortic) pressure (CAP) and the parameters of vascular stiffness (SJ) on the apparatus “AngioScan-01” (LLC Angioscan-Electronics, Russia). Results: The presence of grade 1 obesity was detected in 70.4% of the examined individuals, grade 2 obesity in 22.3%, grade 3 obesity in 7.1%. In the studied sample, people of middle (45.1%) and elderly (27.8%) age prevailed. Among the study participants, obesity in 10.2% and 46.5% of cases was associated with smoking and tachycardia. Significant increase in central aortic pressure (140 ± 20 mmHg. versus 133 ± 21 mmHg; p <0.05) and systolic blood pressure (143 ± 20 mmHg. vs. 135 ± 20 mmHg; p < 0.05) were observed in patients with obesity of the 3rd degree compared with the 1st degree. A statistically significant increase in the augmentation index and the value of the augmentation index resulted in a pulse rate of 75 beats per minute (AIp75) of the vessels was recorded in persons with grade 3 obesity. The stiffness index and the duration of the pulse wave were significantly higher in the subgroup of examined individuals with 1st degree obesity. The type of pulse curve “A” was more often detected in persons with obesity grade 1. A direct link is noted between the value of BMI with a stiffness index (r = 0.298; p = 0.001), an alternative stiffness index (r = 0.119; p = 0.001) and A2d4 indicators (r = 0.101; p = 0.001) of the vessels. In patients with obesity, the most associated diseases were arterial hypertension (64.3%), comorbid diseases (34.8%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.4%). In addition, among those examined with obesity, cerebrovascular diseases were detected in 3.3%, coronary heart disease in 8.5%, chronic kidney disease in 9.9%, and type 2 diabetes in 11.3%