Small cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of vagina in a HIV positive patient- A rare case report

Primary small cell carcinoma of vagina is very rare (1). There is no established treatment guidelines and management is mostly extrapolated from small cell carcinoma of lung. Here in we report a case of thirty seven year old lady who was tested positive for HIV and taking antiretroviral therapy for past seven years and now evaluated for vaginal bleeding and on examination showed infiltrative growth in the right lateral wall of vagina. Immunohistochemistry showed tumour cells positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin, synaptophysin, NSE and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), and diagnosed as small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma stage two. She had a good response to initial concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy but progressed after 9 months of completion of treatment. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a primary vaginal small cell carcinoma in a patient with HIV.