ROLE OF CAPN-10, TCF7L2, PPARG AND KCNJ11 GENE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by polygenic hyperglycemia caused by insulin secretion or insulin resistance. Several environmental factors and genetics interact to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its complications. Among the various factors associated with genetic T2DM polymorphism of the same nucleotide in several genes, it has been widely studied and showed that the resulting genetic variants have a positive or negative correlation with T2DM, which increases or decreases the risk of T2DM. In this review, we will focus on the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11), Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), Calpain-10 (CAPN10) and their relationship with T2DM, studied in different ethnic groups. The products of these genes are involved in the biochemical pathway leading to T2DM. The polymorphisms of these genes are widely studied in individuals of different ethnic groups. The results show that the genetic variants of the CAPN-10, TCF7L2, PPARG, and KCNJ11 genes can become a biomarker of risk for T2DM, and were studied in people from different ethnic groups. We tried to synthesize globally obtained results in the context of selected genes that could help researchers working in this area and ultimately it would be helpful to understand the mechanistic pathways of T2DM lead to early diagnosis and prevention.