Prevalence and determinant of obstructive sleep apnea in patients attending primary health care centers in ministry of health and international medical center in Jeddah, 2018

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a clinical disorder that requires early detection and intervention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of OSA amongst patients attending the primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Family Medicine Department at International Medical Center (IMC) in Jeddah, thereby determining the high risk-population and highlight the impact of such sleep disorder. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to adult subjects attending the general clinics in the five PHCCs in Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Family Medicine Department at International Medical Center (IMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Shapiro-wilk was used to determine the normal distribution of the sample. The STOP-BANG questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were given in validated English and Arabic version. Collected data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS, version 24 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Results: Based from STOP-BANG analysis, the mean score was found to be 2.57, indicating that the majority of the adults under study were at low to moderate risk of having OSA. The mean score for patients who have moderate to high risk for OSA was found to be 3.97. Factors such as age, male gender, hypertension and BMI >35 were found to be significantly associated with OSA. Conclusion: The result of STOP-BANG and Epworth sleepiness scale analysis showed that most of the adult persons were at low risk of acquiring obstructive sleep apnea and experienced less daytime sleepiness. This study concludes that factors such as age, male gender, hypertension and body mass index (BMI) were found to be significantly associated with OSA. Screening techniques such as STOP-BANG and ESS were found to be an important and useful technique in assessing the prevalence of OSA.