Histopathological study of neoplastic lesions of large intestine –A five year experience

Introduction: Large intestine has a varied spectrum of lesions both non-neoplastic and neoplastic. We took both a retrospective and prospective study in the Post Graduate Department of Pathology. The clinical details were sought out from the medical records and the specimens were collected from the patients diagnosed as colorectal carcinoma in the histopathology spectrum. Intestinal tumors account for a large proportion of all neoplasms. There is a significant geographical, racial and ethnic variation in the incidence, rate and pattern of colorectal carcinoma, it is third most common cancer in men and second in women worldwide. Aims and Objectives: (1). To study the neoplastic lesions of large intestine for a period of five years; (2). To evaluate different histopathological types of tumors of colorectum; (3). To correlate the various neoplastic lesions in relation to age, sex, family history and dietary habits of the patient. Materials and Methods: A five year study from year December 2012 to December 2017, 3 year retrospective and 2 years prospective study was carried out. The necessary information and clinical data was obtained from the concerned sections. It included 248 resected specimens of large intestine. Results: Out of 248 large intestine specimens, 30.65% i.e 76 were non-neoplastic, 62.1% i.e 154 were neoplastic and 18 were inadequate biopsies. Malignant Neoplasm is more common than benign neoplasm in the colon. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological variant of colon carcinoma. There is marked increase in the incidence of malignancies of colon, hence the approach to early diagnosis by carrying out biopsies in clinically symptomatically suspicious patients should be the thumb rule for good management.