Analysis of metastatic bone disease in a tertiary care centre

Introduction: Metastasis to the bone is the third commonest site next to lung and liver. It is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world being, an important prognostic indicator in advanced cancers. The axial skeleton is more commonly involved than the appendicular skeleton due to the venous blood flow through the bat sons plexus. Commonest site involved are the spine, femur, pelvis, skull. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases with metastatic bone disease confirmed by histopathology and followed by immunohistochemistry was carried out in the department of Pathology, SRMC from January 2014 to December 2016. The data of same were analyzed and recorded. Results: A total of 36 cases with bone metastasis were analyzed of which 26 patients were males and 10 were females. Metastasis from epithelial tumors were 94% as compared to 6% of deposits from mesenchymal tumor. Most common site of involvement was the spine (50%) second most common being femur (25%) followed by the iliac bone (14%) and clavicle (3%), tibia (3%), skull (3%), radius (3%) in both males and females. Most common primary site of origin were the Lung (29%), followed by prostate (17%), Gastrointestinal tract (14%), renal (11%), breast (6%), thyroid (6%), ovary (3%) penis (3%) liver (3%), Thigh – soft tissue (3%) and uterus (3%). For 3 cases (8%) the primary site was unknown. Conclusion: Patients presenting with metastatic bone disease is increasing over time but advancement in treatment and awareness among patients have helped in early detection and prompt treatment and longer survival.