Structural Optimization of Different Truss Members Using Finite Element Analysis for Minimum Weight

This paper aims to optimize and analyze a Warren, Pratt and Howe steel trusses and comparing Warren truss with other Pratt and Howe trusses. Existing structure steel trusses was initially optimized for minimum weight, in constrained with allowable stresses and deflections. The cross-sectional area of the truss members is taken as a design variable. Existing geometry and loading conditions of the truss are sized to mimic a real world environment. Every attempt was made to adhere to both state and federal regulations. The structural steel trusses was optimized using the design optimization tool as first order optimization method in ANSYS and it is extended to compare for best suitable truss geometry for minimum weight. Mesh studies were performed on all ANSYS finite element models to ensure solution convergence. A comparison of the trusses was made by evaluating the minimum margin of safety in all truss members. To make a fair evaluation all trusses have identical geometries and loading conditions. The intent is to compare which truss is more efficient when constructing a truss. Finally it is concluded that Warren truss is showing high stiffness to weight ratio over other trusses after optimization.