ESCAPE ROUTE SYSTEMS AT SHOPPING MALLS

Having some specificity, shopping malls have a greater potential fire risk in comparison to other buildings, as a relatively small area is accumulated a large number of people. The first things that needs to be said is one of the most dangerous buildings are shopping malls as buildings with mass of occupants. The analysis of fires in the shopping malls has revealed that the cause of death was including the lack of evacuation systems. The statistical data are analyzed, which show that the ratio of the number of deaths to the number of fires in shopping malls has the stable value. The analysis of statistical data on fires in shopping malls and publications has showed factors contributing to the increase the time of people's evacuation: customers are not aware the evacuation plan, the presence of many people in confined spaces, evacuees were not able to objectively assess the situation, blocking of evacuation routes which have already selected. On the conducted analysis of existing escape route systems the comparative table, which represents the functionality of escape route systems, was developed. Founded on the analysis of existing escape route systems, the classification of these systems was created. It has found that those important function as: prepared algorithms of management of evacuation (47 %), using dynamic indicators (40 %) and mathematical simulation (33 %) were used to less than half of the considered systems. Calculating the number of people and using control sensor were used less than 14 % of the systems.