A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO FIRE PROTECTION OF OBJECTS USING WATER FIRE RETARDANT AND FIRE EXTINGUISHING MEANS

A system approach is seen as a methodology of research to solve complex problems. Fire safety system of object (FSSO) is a complex system. Asystem approach was applied to the construction of its subsystem — fire protection facility system of object (FPFSO). To facilitate consideration of FPFSO the technical terms are used: passive and active FPFO. Passive FPFO determines using the methods of protection that are made in advance and do not require additional mobilization during fire fighting. Active FPFO determines using methods suitable at any time to be mobilized to fight fire. Passive and active FPFO are achieved through technical means and activities. The proposed subsystem of FPFSO is based on the application of material, which has a number of properties that can be implemented as a fire retardant and fire extinguishing factors. Thus the new subsystem has an universal material for fire safety — water. Water with different target added can form new water fire retardant means (WFRM) and new water fire extinguishing means (WFEM). The aim of this work is to create a subsystem of passive and active fire protection of object using WFRM and WFEM. To fulfill this goal the structural logic common methodology of research performing is proposed. The basis of this structure is a theoretical study of the establishment and the use of WFRM and WFEM. A special role in the development of this subsystem is assigned for modeling. Phenomenological model of passive FPFO revealing the retardant impregnation process is grounded. The physicochemical model of fire retardant salt migration on wood surface is discussed. The necessity of technical counter of this process by creating a special barrier in the capillary-porous structure of the wood is discussed too. It is theoretically justified the use of WFEM for active FPFO through physical and phenomenological modeling of the interaction of WFEM with flame in a microvolume of fire area. At the same time it is also justified the importance of fine spray of WFEM and technical difficulties feeding WFEM mist directly into the zone of flaming. It is proposed the idea to overcome these difficulties, based on the application of WFEM synthesized with improved (compared to water) properties of low surface tension, with the content of salt inhibitors flaming, with gel-forming properties. Using a systematic approach and implementing structural logic common methodology of research performing it is built a subsystem of passive and active fire protection of object using WFRM and WFEM. Since its introduction in FPFSO the level of fire danger of object can be reduced by 14 times.