SHORT REVIEW OF COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING

Until nowadays colorectal cancer (CRC) remind one from the most important in the field of clinical oncology, because there is on the second position among the most important killers in oncologic pathology all around the World (one from three persons with diagnosed colorectal cancer died from diseases). In Ukraine colorectal cancer is located on the forth place among the death caused by oncologic pathology in man and on the third place – in women. Most commonly colorectal cancer diagnosed among the persons more than 50 years old. Thanks to the work of very effective screening program is possible to identify premalignant adenomas in time and by this way block development of colorectal cancer is possible to remove colorectal cancer on the early stage of diseases and avoid the colorectal cancer related death. Screening permit to decries on the 53 % colorectal cancer mortality. In high-developed Countries of the World for colorectal cancer, screening is predominantly used colonoscopy (around 61 %). Such as Ukraine is the low to middle income Country, the effective screening program for colorectal cancer has some barriers on the way to improvement. There is not nothing new to say, that many patients in Ukraine ask for medical care only after clinical symptoms development, what cause late diagnosis and treatment, and of course high colorectal cancer mortality rate. The problem of neglected disseminated cancer and high mortality rate caused by oncologic pathology a lot of time is discussed on All-Ukrainian Congresses and Forums, but until now, there is not visible radical important changes in the positive way on the general level of State. In the article shortly described risk factors, screening methods of colorectal cancer, economical effectiveness of screening, and ways of improvement of screening program. Screening is best implemented by developing a system for identifying a target cohort of patients who require screening (including risk factors), regularly up-dating information, and navigating those patients who have found positive screening results. Risk groups include people, divided into specific categories, such as age, gender, family history, pre-screening results. There are several rules for screening efficiency: - initiate screening at the appropriate age to identify patients with cancer or precancerous lesions. - screening at appropriate intervals for those who have not found pathology in previous examinations. - examine patients with diagnosed polyps or cancer with a view to biopsy or endoscopic removal as needed. - to conduct medical surveillance of high-risk individuals (usually those with large (≥8 mm) adenoma-tous polyps) to exclude new entities. - access to treatment and monitoring of patients with diagnosed cancer. Nowadays, the recommended methods of CRC screening are divided into two main categories, including methods based on stool examination and bowel imaging (endoscopic methods). Endoscopic methods not only diagnose but also prevent cancer by removing adenoma-tous polyps before their malignancy begins. Also, we tried to explain and prove the expediency of the screening methods, because the current situation in Ukraine shows that the money spent on the treatment of late diagnosed CRC can be reduced and thus not only save money but also increase the level of health of the nation.