UROLITHIASIS IN CHILDREN

Background: Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem can affect the children but in lower incidence than in adult. In KSA the incidence of urolithiasis become higher than in the past and twice common than in west countries. Urolithiasis is different in incidence, prevalence and characters of stones according to many factors like history of the patient, diet and geographical location. Objective: The objective of this article is to review the incidence and prevalence of urolithiasis in different countries, risk factors of urolithiasis formation, how can diagnose and treat urolithiasis. Method: This review article was based on 25 articles, various in their types. This article collected from different resources; PubMed, BMJ, Oxford, Ovid, Springer and up to date databases. Including and excluding criteria was use in it. Conclusion: Each single year the incidence of urolithiasis is raising for several causes one of them is genetic predisposition which strongly depend on consanguineous marriages. There are other risk factors such as diet, ethnicity and anatomical abnormalities. For diagnosis, there are several techniques but the most common and beneficial one is CT without contrast. Invasive and non-invasive interventions are the types of urolithiasis treatment depend on the best intervention for the patient according to the doctor estimation.