A Study on Effect of Geometric Patterns and Material on Stress Distribution in Dental Implant System: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

This study investigate the modified implant body design by varying thread pitch, helix angle to study the influence of the parameters on stability and stress distribution at the implant/bone interface, and also identify the optimum implant structure, suitable for reliable rehabilitation and quicker osseointegration under biomechanical loading conditions. The study was classified into three groups: Group 1 (standard pitch), Group 2 (helix angle) and Group 3 (biocompatible material: titanium). A three dimensional finite element model of three variants were designed with the standard pitch group 2.2 mm and single thread, double thread and triple thread, respectively. The results obtained under normal load applied for titanium showed maximum Von Mises stresses at interface of dental implant structure and cortical bone. The results show that the thread pitch and helix angle plays a substantial role in enhancing the implant stability and reducing the bone stress. Moreover, from the biomechanical analysis for the screwed implant structure with thread pitch of 2.2 mm with double thread, proves to be optimal.