Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Tsetse Fly Density in Different Regions of Ethiopia: A Review

Ethiopia is known for its large and diverse livestock resource endowments and Bovine Trypanosomosis has long been recognized as a massive constraint on animal husbandry, livestock production and mixed farming in vast areas of rural sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, trypanosomosis is widespread in domestic livestock in the Western, South and Southwestern lowland regions and the associated river systems. The tsetse flies in Ethiopia are confined to the southern and western regions. Out of nine region of Ethiopia, five (Amhara area, Benshangul-Gumuzs, Gambella, Oromia and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples‟ Regional State) are infected with more than one species of tsetse flies and there are five species of tsetse flies in those mentioned regions. For this systematic review more than 60 published paper from 2000-2019 which were done in Amhara, Oromia, SNNPRs, Benshamgul Gumize and Gambella regions, respectively. According to this review the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in five regions of Ethiopia revealed that 8.6%, 9.3%, 11.2%, 10.6% and 18.1% in Amhara, Oromia, SNNPRs, Benshamgul Gumize and Gambella, respectively. Furthermore this review indicted that high infestation of tsetse fly in Oromia region by four species namely Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, Glossina fuscipes and Glossina tachinoidefollowed by G. pallidipes, G. fuscipes and G. longipennis inSNNPRs, G. m. submorsitans and G.tachinoides in Amhara, G. morsitans and G. tachinoides inBenshamgul Gumize and Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, Glossina fuscipes and Glossina tachinoide in Gambella. In conclusion the review showed that there was no a significant variation in prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in five regions except in Gambella region, therefore the national institute of trypanosomosis and tsetse fly investigation and control should covered all tsetse fly infested region of the country together with controlling the mechanical transmission by biting flies.