ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS OILS AND ETHANOL EXTRACT PROPOLIS AGAINST GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

For many years, medicinal plants and other natural products have been used as traditional treatments for numerous human infections and as food preservatives. Natural products are chemical compounds or substances produced by a living organism, or found in nature; that have pharmacological or biological activity. Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from parts of plants, buds, and exudates, mixed with bees wax and salivary enzymes. Different biological properties have been attributed to propolis, but probably one of the most important properties is antibacterial activity. The oil of the Nigella sativa is used for many diseases and also use as food preservative, condiment, carminative, analgesic in every parts of world. The oil from the coconut tree has various biological effects; strong antibacterial activity is one of them. Among the benefits that the consumption of olive oil can exert on human health, its antibacterial activity emerges as a promising new property. The antibacterial activities of these natural products were tested in this study against the Gram positive and Gram negative reference bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Rhodococcus equi, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes, using the Kirby Bauer well diffusion method. Observation of the study was that propoils posses strong antibacterial potential against Gram positive pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Rhodococcus equi, but didn?t have any effect on Gram negative bacteria. Essential oil from Nigella sativa also showed pronounced activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and it was less effective on Gram negative bacteria. Gram positive pathogens were more sensitive to the effect of the coconut and olive oil as well.