Foreign Experience of Clusters’ Functioning and Ways of Its Using in Ukraine

The paper is defined the necessity of forming cluster structures for economy's competitiveness as the main component of sustainable development of economy and its national security. The various scientific approaches to the definition of essence 'cluster' and factors of forming of this phenomenon are described. It is noted that the basis of any cluster is the balance between two types of factors: evolutionary and constructive. The experience of functioning of clusters in different foreign countries is reviewed and summarized. The most well-known clusters of the world are represented. The dynamics of the subindex "State of cluster development" of the Global Competitiveness Index of the countries of the world and Ukraine are analyzed. The state of forming and functioning of clusters in Ukraine is considered. The focus is on the fact that the cluster approach to the economy makes it possible to identify the needs of business, and education and the state meet these needs. The main obstacles of cluster's forming at the current stage of the innovation model of the economies of the countries of the world are given.