DEMONSTRATION OF PRECISE RELATIONSHIPS AND LINKS BETWEEN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that interferes with the body's ability to consume food and convert it into energy. The most common mode of diabetes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is that the body cannot effectively use insulin produced by the pancreas. This is called insulin resistance. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative motor defect whose properties work is hindrance with locomotion. This is due to the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra area under the brain that produces dopamine, a chemical messenger that transmits signals that produce smooth, meaningful movement. Dopamine loss caused by neuronal damage and death causes impaired movement. Cells rely on glucose for energy, and insulin helps to convert glucose into energy. In both Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes, changes in the brain can result in signaling interruptions that affect normal functioning. Insulin resistance also reaches the brain and produces severe changes in the nerve cells, increasing the risk of Parkinson's disease and abnormally promoting high blood sugar leads to high-rise the inflammation, associated with the development of Parkinson's disease. Diabetes suffering peoples are more likely to have Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is 32% higher in people with type 2 diabetes than in non-diabetic patients. Patients with type 2 diabetes along with its complication have a 49% higher risk of Parkinson's disease, while those having only type 2 diabetes without complications have a 30% risk of parkinson's disease. In particular, younger patients with diabetes (25 to 44 years of age) have an approximately fourfold increased risk of developing Parkinson's compared with adults of similar age without diabetes. Researchers has estimated the high risk of developing PD based on longitudinal data methodology for people with type 2 diabetes. Initial studies have reported more than 400 genes linked in both conditions. The potential link between type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease has been the topic of medical dialogue and scientific research for years. Recently, animal and in vitro studies have shown that the pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease are concerned more with insulin dysregulation and changes in insulin action.