STATE OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION IN YOUNG SUBJECTS WITH INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES

It is known that the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in maintaining the sustainability of the internal environment, and also participates in the processes of adaptation to various adverse factors. Its condition affects the clinical course of many diseases. The nature of this effect depends on the predominance of sympathetic or parasympathetic regulation. Heart rate variability is a set of quantitative parameters that allows to evaluate the state of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, and therefore the effects of the autonomic nervous system on the body as a whole. The purpose of this work is to establish the rela-tionship between the state of the autonomic nervous system and periodontal diseases. Materials and methods. 138 students of I. Hor-bachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were surveyed. Two groups were formed: 70 people with inflammatory periodontal diseases, namely chronic catarrhal gingivitis, and 68 people without periodontal diseases. The state of the autonomic nervous system was evaluated by analysis of heart rate variability using the Poly-Spectr-8E/8B devise and the Poly-Spectr computer software complex. For this purpose, statistical, spectral methods and cardiointer-valography by R.M Bayevsky were used. Electrocardio-gram registration was performed in short mode (5 min). Immediately before recording, the subject was in a calm state for 10 min. Results. One of the most sensitive indicators of heart rate variability that is prognostic is SDNN. This parameter characterizes the state of regulatory mecha-nisms as a whole and reflects the effect on the sinus node of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. Our study revealed a decrease in the level of SDNN in young people with periodontal disease, which indicates a shift in the balance of autonomous regulation in favor of the sympathetic circuit. RMSSD and pNN50 mainly indicate parasympathetic tone, reflecting a short-term change in heart rate. In our case, lower RMSSD values were observed in the main group. It follows that the proportion of the parasympathetic link in the regulation of cardiac rhythm is significantly reduced in subjects with periodontal pathology. The decrease in total power in subjects with in-flammatory periodontal disease indicates a decrease in the total effect of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate. No differences were found between the low-frequency oscillation power. However, there was a pre-dominance of the relative values of low-frequency oscil-lation capacities in students with periodontal inflammatory disease. This indicates the predominance of sympathetic modulation in the main group. The decrease in power in the high-frequency range, as well as the share of high-frequency oscillations in the total power of the spectrum, indicates a decrease in the role of the parasympathetic part in the regulation of cardiac rhythm among young people with periodontal pathology. In addition, the work revealed higher values of the sympathetic oscillation index in the main group, which reflects the shift of autonomous equilibrium towards sympathetic activity. The vegetative equilibrium index indicates the correlation between the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic compartments. The growth of vegetative equilibrium index in the main group indicates an increase in the influence of the sympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system on the heart rhythm. Conclusions. Thus, the results of the analysis of heart rate variability revealed that young people with inflammatory periodontal diseases are characterized by a shift in autonomic regulation toward the predominance of sympathetic influences.