Criminal Protection of Witnesses (Comparative Study)

The testimony of witnesses is one of the most important means of proving that the investigation of a crime is dealt with either in the preliminary investigation or in the trial. The investigation is not effective without the testimony. This testimony remains a living evidence of truth. The witness has a feeling of being hurt and feeling insecure that he or she may refrain from making or altering the truth. The witness's cooperation with criminal justice agencies, from the law enforcement authorities to the trial, has an important role to play in combating crimes, especially organized crimes, given the seriousness of the perpetrators. The concept of testimony is based on the news of the person who committed the crime, including the knowledge of the knowledge that has created from his examination of the crime of any sense of sight, hearing, touch, smell or other means available to him to understand anything related to the crime. The legal protection of witnesses is in the criminal texts that criminalize acts of encroachment on witnesses in any form of infringement. Such protection is the objective of incriminating witnesses, coercing them, forcing them to change their testimony, giving false testimony and changing the truth, or procedural protection prescribed in most international conventions and conventions And national legislation, which is to protect them while giving testimony before the investigation and trial bodies.