A STUDY ON WOMEN AND SELF HELP GROUP EMPOWERMENT OF DISTRICT KANGRA OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

Women's empowerment is a process in which women challenge the existing norms and culture in efforts to promote their well being. This paper analyses the significance and effect of programmes by Self Help Groups (SHG s) by comparing empowerment levels before and after three years of programme intervention based on a survey conducted the District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh . The SHG s in Kangra operate under Mahila Mandal , a state government programme funded by the Himachal Pradesh Corporation for Development of Women (HPCDW). The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) empowerment indices are used to study levels of empowerment. Quantitative methodology is adopted using the self-reporting method. A three-stage stratified random sampling method was employed for data collection. The first stage involved the NGO s, the second stage focused on the SHG s and the third stage dealt with SHG members on the basis of demographics. Average and percentage were calculated to draw meaningful interpretation on the Empowerment Indicators using IFAD Model. Friedman test and Chi Square test followed by a DMRT test were used to measure the relationship between observed variables. The study revealed that levels of self-confidence and self-esteem of women increased indicating positive changes. The women in SHG s emerged as more assertive of their rights, in particular when dealing with the local community and on social matters.