Suelos salinos: fuente de microorganismos halófilos asociados a plantas y resistentes a metales

The salinity in soils represents an extension of 1128 million hectares worldwide, considering the area affected naturally (primary) or man-induced (secondary). Therefore, a tendency to increase in the next years is estimated, representing a problem in agricultural activity due to physiological and biochemical changes in plant metabolism, affecting food production. The current research looking for restore or take advantage of these soils, as is the case of studying the microorganism present and possible interactions with some plants. The objective of this work is to address aspects on the capacity of microorganisms present by activating mechanisms of tolerance, resistance and promotion of plant growth in the presence of potentially salts and toxic metals that reduce damage. Nowadays, the use of molecular techniques has been one of the main tools to identify microorganisms present and the relation the molecules involved in resistance to the presence of salts (transporters and synthesis of compatible solutes). Halophiles microorganisms can produce enzymes, synthesize extracellular polymeric substances, phytohormones and chelating compounds, help some plants to grow in these environments and also carry out a desalination of these soils. Having a great capacity to adapt and potential for be proposed in various bioprocesses.