MORPHOLOGY OF CEREBRAL CORTEX IN CADMIUM CHLORIDE INTOXICATION

Cadmium (Cd) is one of dangerous pollutants of environment [1]. Being adsorbed through lungs and gastrointestinal tract, already in a few minutes it is found in blood. Cadmium possesses cancerigenic, gonadotropic, embriotropic, mutagenic and nephrotoxic action. Real threat of negative effect on the population even at low levels of pollution is connected with a high biological accumulation of this metal. Consequences of not long contact with high concentration of cadmium in air lead to the pulmonary fibrosis, permanent disability of pulmonary and hepatic functions [2, 3]. 50% of Cd sink in lungs via inhalation. In a gastrointestinal tract, adsorption of Cd amounted to 5%. The target organs of Cd are liver, kidneys, bone marrow, sperm, tubular bones and partially lien. Cadmium is placed in a liver and kidneys where it contains to 30% of total amount in an organism [4, 5, 6]. Toxic influence of Cd affects, first, generation as, getting through a placenta, cadmium is capable to change its enzymatic status [7]. At giving Cd of "peros" to pregnant and feeding rats, the damages of reproductive system and delay of physical development are found in offspring [8]. The result of prenatal and post-natal influence of Cd is skeletal abnormalities, metabolic imbalance of proteins, lipids, inhibition of the enzymatic processes. Transportation of heavy metals in cells including cadmium is underexplored. Probably, in this process exosomes play a certain role. Exosomes ? are microscopic extracellular vesicles (bubbles) with a diameter of 30-100 nanometers allocated in intercellular space by cells of various tissues and bodies [9]. Exosomes are found in various tissue fluid of an organism, such as blood serum [10], serebrospinal fluid, and also in stale [11], a saliva and human milk [12]. However, the role of exosomes completely isn't studied yet. One of the most generalized types of biological effect of chemicals is their ability to influence on the structure of internals. The most important from the practical point of view is studying the influence of cadmium on morphology of cerebral cortex.