HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND GENERAL PHYSICAL WORK CAPACITY RELATION ANALYSIS IN REPRESENTATIVES OF SPORTS

The purpose of the work is to study the relation between the parameters of the autonomic nervous system of athletes according to heart rate variability with indicators of overall physical performance, depending on specialization and gender. Materials and methods research. The study involved 60 boys and girls aged 18-20 years, who are members of teams in volleyball, handball and basketball. CardioLab + software complex at KhAI (Kharkiv, Ukraine) was used to study HRV parameters. Recorded 5-min ECG at rest 5-10 minutes after performing a bicycle ergometric test with a step-by-step load at an initial power of 125 watts, the duration of each degree of 2 minutes and an increment of power of 25 watts. The histogram of cardio intervals distribution was investigated by the method of variational pulsometry and its main characteristics were determined with the calculation of the voltage index of the regulatory systems. Spectral methods of HRV analysis made it possible to quantify different frequency components of heart rhythm oscillations and graphically represent the ratios of different components of heart rhythm, reflecting the activity of certain units of the regulatory mechanism. To study the biochemical properties of erythrocytes, the material was taken directly to exercise and after 1-3 minutes of the recovery period. Erythrocyte morphological studies were performed in a scanning electron microscope by the conventional method. Results. The data presented in the study showed a direct and inversely proportional relation between the parameters of autonomic nerve regulation according to the heart rate variability of athletes specializing in game sports with indicators of overall physical performance, depending on specialization and gender. It is shown that heart rate variability indicators are an informative method for the objective evaluation of the adaptive resources of the cardiorespiratory system, which can detect the response of the autonomic and central nervous system to exercise training loads. Conclusion. In sport games, boys and girls have a direct and inversely correlated relation between the heart rate variability indicators that characterize the frequency or spectral spectrum of influence on the cardiac circuit and the parameters that characterize the overall physical performance. The heart rate variability method adequately describes the athletes' individual responses to exercise. The young men have a direct and inversely correlated correlation of heart rate variability indicators that characterize the frequency or spectral spectrum of influence on the cardiac circuit with power parameters and maximum oxygen consumption. Response of the circulatory system in students of representatives of different sports to the maximum physical activity is manifested by gender differences in the autonomic regulation of blood circulation, when the boys have higher indicators of sympathetic contour against the background of lower parasympathetic levels of influence, which causes these symptoms to become symmetric to the presence of an increased number of reversed forms of peripheral blood erythrocytes.