Open Defecation and Poor Sanitation Condition a Serious Menace to Human Health and Dignity A Micro Level Analysis of Indian Villages

Open defection is the practice of people defecting outside and not into a designated toilet. In rural India the open defection practices is the way of life. According to 2011 Census of India, 53.12 Per cent of the rural household did not use any kind of toilet. Human excreta are the principal source of over 50 types of infections and causes almost 80 per cent of human diseases. The main objectives of this research paper is to know the health related problems of open defecators people and what are the major causes to such practices. Malda district of West Bengal has been selected as a study area, which is the gateway of North Bengal. The study is based on primary and secondary sources of data. The study reveals that the practice of open defection poses serious health risk to the rural peoples of Malda district of West Bengal. It is evident from the study that Diarrhea Dysentary is the highest prone disease 36.67 per cent and Cholera is the lowest diseases 1.00 per cent among the peoples caused by open defection especially 0 5 years children . The study also provoked that, the major causes of open defection in the study area are unwillingness to discontinue the personal habits of open defection that is 41.67 per cent and attitude of the people like construct a toilet in home brings impurity and unhygienic etc. The Central and state government has enforced many schemes like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Nirmal Bangla Abhiyan, Clean India Mission for Open Defection Free ODF but these schemes are fruitful in the study area. Dr. Mohammad Taufique | Naved Ansari | Md Areful Hoque "Open Defecation and Poor Sanitation Condition a Serious Menace to Human Health and Dignity: A Micro Level Analysis of Indian Villages" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30702.pdf