Approaches to solve the problem of double-counting scientific articles when evaluating the effectiveness of scientific organizations

Approaches to the counting of scientific articles are addressed in this paper. Principal attention is paid to fractional counting. It is designated that the method of proportional fractional counting conceptually splits up a scientific result if an article is written by several authors. A combination of proportional fractional counting based on normalization of the affiliations of each article's author(s), and equal fractional counting based on crossing arrays is suggested. This may have a positive effect, combining the information on an organization's share of articles and the most valuable collaborations.