ANTI-CORRUPTION METHODS

The article presents two groups of methods to counter the corruption of public servants. The first part examines the repressive methods of fighting corruption. Such methods include the death penalty, the increase in prison terms, confiscation of the property of the briber, fines, a ban on the profession for corrupt officials. The second part analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of preventive methods to counter corruption. These include dissemination of knowledge about corruption and measures to counter it, transparency and publicity of public procurement, electronic competitions in public procurement, public reporting of public procurement servants. The following methods are also considered: commercialization of the activities of civil servants, increasing salaries for officials, reducing the number of civil servants, reducing bureaucratic functions, minimizing the variability of decisions of officials, the transition from permissive to notifying public institutions, including the one-window principle. The methods such as electronic paperwork, recruitment of personnel taking into account their psychological and moral qualities, checks of civil servants, operational control over the work of officials, rotation of personnel, the method of "circular bail", anonymous survey of employees are also described. Much attention is paid to the participation of the population in the detection of corrupt officials: opinion polls, "trust telephones", public control over the expenditures of officials, providing guarantees to persons who contribute to the detection of corruption. A special role in the fight against corruption of officials belongs to democratic institutions ensuring equality of all members of society under the law, elected officials, as well as the method of the sociocultural discrediting of bribery.