AN INSIGHT REVIEW ON HISTORY, OUTBREAK, PATHOGENESIS, TRANSMISSION OF SARS-COV-2 VIRUSAND COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a deadly virus which is extended at the end of 2019 globally form seafood market, Wuhan, China and considered as novel coronavirus which has 70% similarity with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 considered as globally pandemic because of high mortality and fatality rate among worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease caused by this called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in which 19 referred to as the year of occurrence of disease. The intermediate sources are humans but it is not known seriously but it is confirmed that the spreading is done by human-to-human transmission rapidly and widely. This review highlights the whole insight and the understanding towards the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 regarding its, spreading history, origin, epidemiology, prevalence rate, sources and modes of transmission, pathogenesis, life cycle entry mechanisms, clinical characteristics, symptoms, complications of comorbidities, diagnosis, treatment, research hindrances, preventive measures, potential pharmacological therapeutics (repurposing of main drugs) research with previous studies of SARS and MERS. The literature review databases were searched from the Scopus, MEDLINE, PUBMED, Elsevier, WHO situation reports. The SARS-CoV-2 infection has a high mortality rate and leads to a high global disaster to human well-being, social as well as economic. Lockdown phases are taken to prevent the spreading of the virus. Solitary confinement procedures followed by the clinical and health care services so, to inhibit the contamination of the areas with suspected patients. The research on the novel coronavirus (n-CoV) is still a concern and in the primary stage in which repurposing of the main pharmacological drugs which act on symptoms of COVID-19 trials are held. As such no clinically tested/approved vaccines/anti-viral drugs are prepared, approaches for preparation in respect to these viral outbreaks and against the COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. However, some broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, angiotensin-converting enzymes 2 inhibitors (ACE 2) are clinically screened for the COVID-19 disease in clinical trials. This review article gives information publically about the COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection.