Fiqh Features of the Ideal Islamic City (Example of Serahsi and Ibn Rushd)

Cities have been the subject of different sciences with various features. In this article, we focused on social and physical structure with administration of cities that established Islamic civilization with Islamic law dimension. The administrative structure and the physical location and legal position social settlement like, madrasa, imarah, mosque, bazaar that are under the basic system of cities are discussed. Place of mosque in cities with its community, minaret, central location for public, scientific status of madrasahs, main roads and entrance and exit of the city, protection of the city and its castle with the fiqh principles for the formation of all these structures are other topics of the article. In this context, the connection between the main city and districts and road safety also has been viewed on fiqh dimensions. In this study, reference was made to two Islamic Faqeyh Ibn Rushd and Serahsi, who were referred to as examples. It was seen that Imam Serahsi was more attentive to the city's location. While explaining the characteristics of the ideal Islamic city, its differences compared to other cities, the city distinction in the work of the Islamic philosopher al-Farabi named “al-Medinetu'l-fadıle” was also included. It was pointed out that the distinction here was used to express the fact that the cities were founded according to the beliefs and civilization characteristics of the societies, rather than the other cities.