Self Help Group Women Involved in Farming and Non-Farming Economic Activities in a Northern Hilly State of India: Nutritional Status of Women and Children

Objectives: The overall aim of this study was to assess the nutritional situation of self-help group (SHG) women and children involved in microfinance livelihood activities, and to present evidence for interventions required to improve the nutritional status. Methods: A total of 58 rural SHG women-29 from women farmer groups(WFG)and 29 not from women farmer groups (Non-WFG)-residing in the same region with children below 5 years participated in the study. The study assessed their nutritional status using anthropometric measures; coverage of maternal health services including the availability, consumption and knowledge of benefits of iron-folic acid supplements; and infant and child feeding practices. Results: The findings revealed that 44.8% of women involved in WFG's had a low Body Mass Index, compared to 31.0 % of Non-WFG women. The percentage of women with low weight (less than 45 kg) was also much higher for women in farmer groups. Severe stunting and severe under weight (both 17.2% as well as severe wasting (6.9%), were also higher in children belonging to families of WFG's. Additionally, under nutrition in children was found to increase sharply between 6-24 months. Despite receiving high school education, all SHG women were found to have limited knowledge of maternal care and child feeding practices. The nutrition of WFG women was possibly further adversely affected due to high work load, time constraints for self- and childcare, and use of food produced solely for economic betterment. Conclusion: SHG women involved in economic activities present an opportunity for reaching disadvantaged women through interventions for adoption of better infant, young child and maternal health care and feeding practices. Preventive measures need to specifically target SHG families with a pregnant woman or children under 24 months. Strategies for reducing physical drudgery and ensuring quality time is available for appropriate child and family feeding practices is essential, especially for women involved in homestead activities.