Technologically Advanced Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (Camera Pill): A Review

It is very difficult to examine the area inside our gastrointestinal tract due to its length, location and tortuosity. However, in the advent of advance technology called as ‘Capsule Endoscopy' also known as the camera pill, helps to visualize the lining of the intestinal lumen. It is now a new era to strengthen the standards in diagnostics of small bowel disorders and used to examine parts of the Gastro-intestinal tract that cannot be seen with other types of endoscopy. In the present review, we have discussed about the techniques, structure, working, safety, clinical indications, and future applications of Capsule Endoscopy. As a capsule is ingested, it transmits images at 2 frames per second over the period of 8 hrs until the battery drains. It generates a high resolution image that allows detailed inspection of the gastrointestinal mucosa. A trained gastroenterologist reviews the images. A Capsule Endoscopy plays a vital role to detect coeliac disease, small bowel tumours and other small bowel disorders in patients. A Capsule Endoscopy is used in patients with suspected bleeding or to identify evidence of active Crohn's disease if not detected by lower and upper endoscopy. Typically, Capsule endoscopy is undertaken in case the other type of endoscopy has failed to diagnosis disease. Thus, it has made revolution in the field of medicine. The tiny capsule can pass through our body, without causing any injury or harm.