Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A Review

Nowadays irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with global prevalence. It's described by a change in the habit of the bowel system. Pathophysiology of IBS is unclear, therefore; IBS becomes a specific subject for many researchers to investigate and discover some biomarkers associated with IBS. Symptoms are a confusion of abdominal pain and bloating which is demonstrated according to Rome criteria. In this mini-review, we conclude that IBS makes additional complications in patients such as reflux gastro esophagus, dysphagia, and factors related to IBS are varied including gender, food, family, and environment. Furthermore, food and lifestyle have a direct role in the pathophysiology of IBS patients. Finding additional signs and symptoms of IBS is essential for diagnosis because IBS is dependent on symptoms. IBS has a significant association with genetic variants. SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6, member 4) is a serotonin transporter gene that gained the most attention from various researchers, therefore IBS require further investigation and discussion to demonstrate some biomarkers and factors associated with them.