MANAGEMENT OF MOISTURE RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN AGROCENOSES OF FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

To define the factors of managing the potential of moisture resources, the regularities of accumulation and use of moisture from soil by agricultural crops while cultivating them in the system of different crop rotations in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The comparative assessment of the productivity of cereal-hoed 10-field rotation demonstrated that in 2010–2015 the yield of dry substance of the main product increased 1.35 times, the yield of fodder units –1.28 times, and that of cereals – 1.23 times. The fraction of the yield of dry substance was 12 % from the total yield which was 2.3 times higher as compared to 1965–1969. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in 5-field cereal-hoed rotation promoted the increase in the yield of fodder units by 35.7 %, cereal units – by 29.1 %. The highest yield from the fertilizers introduced was obtained for tillage, where the yield of fodder and cereal units increased by 56.6 and 60.7 % respectively. Short crop rotations had higher productivity: strong direct correlation (R>0.70) was found between the accumulation of energy in dry substance and the yield of dry substance, fodder and cereal units and the accumulation of energy per 10 t of the moisture used. Regression coefficients for the variables: dry substance, fodder and cereal units, dry substance per 10 t of moisture in the dependence equations were 3.06, 1.25, 7.25 and 2.89 times higher as compared to long crop rotations. It demonstrated the 2.59-fold higher efficiency of forming productivity in short crop rotations and using the total moisture circulation as compared to long crop rotations.