Implementation of the aesthetic ideal in the” Diary of a writer “ by F. M. Dostoevsky

The proposed work is devoted to the study of F. M. Dostoevsky's aesthetics, in particular, the aesthetic ideal of the writer. Following Kant, Hegel, and Schiller, the Russian writer considered the ideal in an anthropological aspect. The aesthetic ideal of the Russian writer is a person who expresses the moral principle, the divine in man. The idea of moral beauty is expressed in the theoretical thought of the Russian writer. Harmony and good looks serve only as an outer shell, when the moral height appears as the aesthetic ideal of F. M. Dostoevsky. To this beauty, truth, his works strive. Following the examples of “positive beauty” of world and domestic literature and art, Dostoevsky recreated in his works positively beautiful characters. The Russian writer speaks of the duality of beauty, the “two abysses” of the human soul: “Sodom” - low, sinful, connected with the beauty of the body, sensual, and “Madona” - high, connected with spiritual beauty, a person can combine both. The writer's aesthetic ideal is turned to spiritual beauty. Of particular interest is Dostoevsky's “Diary of a writer”. It is in it that the idea of the writer's aesthetic ideal is clearly expressed. The question of the ideal person is considered in the context of underground (afterlife) life in the story “Bobok” and above-ground space in “the dream of a funny man”. These stories and the publicistic texts that frame them reveal the inner dynamics of the writer's worldview: from the statement of the corruption of the spirit and the immortality of the soul (“Bobok”) to the tragic insight of the truth (“Meek”) and to the statement of the” living”image of the truth (“the dream of a funny man”). The story explicitly expresses the overcoming of such a painful contradiction between the individual and the General, between a positively beautiful person and society.