Duties of the Judicial Officers on Visible and Invisible Offenses in the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code 2013 (Based on Citizenship Rights)

Citizenship Rights is one of the international community issues and there are currently different policies around the world for its implementation by the governing forces of the society. Observance and protection of citizenship rights are among the social legal duties which the judiciary has to fulfill in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The arm of the judiciary in this particular case is the Judicial Officers who serve in legal and ethical frameworks to promote and maintain justice for citizenship rights. One of the duties of Judicial Officers is revealed at the time of visible and invisible offences. One of the matters with which the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code 2013 deals is the extent to which citizenship rights are upheld at the time of the occurrence of visible and invisible offences. In the present article, it is specified that, first, human rights in Iran are defined in greater social-religious detail than the UN Declaration of Human Rights, and second, the complaints of such a reference can be pursued by the judiciary and other authorities. The judicial duties of the judiciary are to protect the citizenship rights, to uphold the right to life and no disrespect for citizens, and to protect the right to freedom and privacy. In general, citizenship rights are categorized as the fundamental, political, civil, economic, cultural and social rights. Some of these rights apply to individuals when they are found guilty.