Comparative Study of the Liberalism and Postmodernism Concerning the Draught Crisis in the Middle East

Nowadays, the environment is of substantial significance in the field of international relations studies. It is predicted that the most serious future crises of humankind occur in the context of environment, and the developing countries would be highly influenced by such crises. Among the developing countries, the Middle East countries region is of great importance due to the security nature, challenging arguments, and possessing the large portion of energy resources. This region plays a vital role in the global economy and energy security which also embraces high levels of conflicts due to lack of effective cooperation in the form of collective identity and lack of multilateral treaties. The environmental crisis is one of the serious threats of the Middle East region, and the modernization trend has assisted the development of such challenges with no consideration of the environmental capacities. The objective of the current study is to examine the drought crisis from the liberalism perspective, which relies on the private possession as well as economic profit-making aspects, with respect to the postmodernism theory, which has a critical perspective toward the modernism and its derivative negative effects. The main purpose of the current study is to scrutinize these two perspectives in terms of the ontology, epistemology, and methodology nature differences. The difference of environment position in international relations existing in the cold war with respect to its position afterwards, as the ruling paradigm shift in the context of environmental studies, has offered new circumstances for the critical theorists