Dynamics of Macro- And Microelement Composition Changes of Experimental Animal Seeds in Different and Cohesive Effects of Cardium Chloride and Nitrate Sodium

The spleen is an important peripheral organ of hematopoiesis and immune defense. It performs filtration, cleansing, immune, hematopoietic, depositing functions in the body. However, the macro- and micronutrient composition of the spleen under the conditions of the intake of cadmium chloride and sodium nitrate, which is important for understanding their influence on the course of metabolic processes in living organisms, remains little investigated. The purpose of this work was to experimentally investigate the effect of different and cohesive action of cadmium chloride and sodium nitrate on the content of macro- and trace elements in the spleen tissues of experimental animals. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was white rats divided into two groups. The first (control) group (intact) received the usual drinking water, the second group received a solution of sodium nitrate with drinking water at a dose of 1/10 DL50. The third group received 1/10 LD50 CdCL2, 4th group received 1/10 LD50 CdCL2 + 1/10 LD50 NaNO3. The toxication was carried out for 10 days. The material was collected (spleen) on the 1st, 14th and 28th. The level of macro- and micronutrients was determined on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer C-115PK. Results and discussion. In animals exposed to NaNO3, it was established that the level of calcium in the spleen was 1.2 times, the content of Mg decreased by 1 day, compared to the intact animals. The study of Zn and Cu showed an increase in the content of these elements most of all at the 28th day. The level of cadmium increased during the experiment and on the 28th day, the intakes of animals increased 3.8 times. In animals affected by CdCl2, the level of Ca decreased spleen was throughout the period of observation, at the same time, the level of Mg increased and the highest values were set by us at the 14th day relative to the control group of animals. In the spleen, the content of Zn and Cu was lower than that of intact animals during the entire period of observation. The level of cadmium increased during the experiment and exceeded the rates of intact animals in 22-42 times. Ca content, due to the combined effect of CdCl2 and NaNO3 on the 14th day, decreased, but increased on the 28th day in comparison with the control group. Magnesium levels declined throughout the study period. Regarding the Zn level, it should be noted that the decrease occurred within 1-14 days of the experiment with the following tendency towards normalization. Cu content at the end of the experiment was at the level of control values. With the combined action of CdCl2 and NaNO3, accumulation of cadmium was observed, starting with the 1-st day of observation, and at the end of the experiment, its concentration increased in the spleen by 21-35 times. Conclusions. We established the development of dysmicroelementosis in the organism of experimental animals in the conditions of both separate and combined action of toxicants: cadmium chloride and sodium nitrate, which was accompanied by accumulation of cadmium in the spleen. The highest level of cadmium deposited was marked by cadmium and cadmium-nitrate intoxication. It is proved that the nature of changes in the elemental composition of the spleen depends on the chemical nature of the spleen and is accompanied by a multidirectional redistribution of the level of essential macro- and micronutrients, which is important for understanding their effect on the regulation of metabolic processes in living organisms.