Characteristics of the Emotional Development of Preschool Children

The development and upbringing of the younger generation, the formation of a harmonious personality is the priority goal of building a new democratic society. First of all, it is updated in the preschool years where the foundations of the physical, spiritual, intellectual, social and emotional development of the personality are laid. Preschool age is the period of introduction to universal values, the establishment of the first relationship with people, the period of rapid development of the emotional sphere, which has a great influence on the personal development of the child, on the mastery of various activities. Under such circumstances, the role of physical education in the system of pre-school education increases significantly not only in influencing the motor sphere, but also in spiritual, personal, and social. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the emotional development of preschool children. The study was conducted on the basis of preschool educational institutions in Lviv and Lviv region in 2017. Material and methods. A total of 1188 children of preschool age participated in the study. Among them there were 418 children (216 boys, 202 girls) of younger preschool age (3-4 years), 350 children (180 boys, 170 girls) were of middle preschool age (4-5 years), and 420 children (211 boys, 209 girls) were of senior preschool age (5-6 years). 78 educators and teachers participated in the research. The following research methods were used in the work: general scientific (analysis, synthesis of data from literary sources), pedagogical (ascertaining experiment) questioning, and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire was aimed at identifying adult ideas about the peculiarities of the child's emotional development (tutors who work and know the children well enough filled in the questionnaire). A map of observations of the emotional and social development of the child was used. Results and discussion. It was established that the formation of emotional development significantly more often corresponded to a high level in children of preschool age (77.75%, 83.53% and 86.13% of girls during the fourth, fifth and sixth year, respectively; and 74.55%, 79.45% and 82.00% of boys in the fourth, fifth and sixth year, respectively). The ratio of the number of children aged 3-6 years with different levels of emotional development was almost the same in all age subgroups of girls and boys. Conclusions. It is important to create conditions that can have a beneficial effect on the development of the emotional sphere. In particular, it is advisable to use appropriate pedagogical methods and techniques for the formation of positive-emotional atmosphere in the group of pre-school education institutions, positive emotional stimuli in the teaching and educational process of physical education and recreational activities.