Correction of Submicroscopic Changes of the Respiratory Tract Components of Lungs with Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes in Case of Experimental Acute Renal Failure

Multiple studies have determined that acute renal failure is frequently accompanied by the development of acute lung injury syndrome. Nowadays, attention of many researchers is focused on study of the effectiveness of exogenic surfactant preparations in treatment of acute lung injury syndrome. One of such drugs is “Lipin” which is the liposome form of phosphatidylcholine. The purpose of the work was to study the possibility of ultrastructural changes correction of the respiratory tract components with “Lipin” in case of experimental acute renal failure. Material and methods. The experiments were done on male rats weighting 180-220 grams. Acute renal failure was induced by intramuscular administration of 10% glycerol water solution in dose of 10 ml per 1 kg of body mass. “Lipin” was injected intraperitoneally in dose of 50 mg per 1 kg of body mass one time in 30 minutes after the beginning of the experiment. The sampling of lung tissue for electron microscopy study was carried out under ketamine anaesthesia in 12, 24, and 72 hours after beginning of the experiment. Pieces of lung tissue were fixed in 2.5% solution of gluteraldehyde with further postfixation in 1% solution of osmium tetroxide. After dehydration, the material was poured over epon araldite. The cuts obtained on ultramicrotome “Tesla BS-490” were studied using electron microscope “PEM-125K”. Results and discussion. The data of electronic microscopic study demonstrated that the most positive effect produced by intraperitoneal injection of “Lipin” was observed during the first 24 hours after beginning of the experiment. We noted that “Lipin” led to significant reduction of intracellular swelling and more valuable preservation of organelles of type I and II alveolocytes, endotheliocytes of blood capillaries, alveolar macrophages, and also to improvement of rheological blood properties. It is necessary to pinpoint that in animals treated with “Lipin”, not only expressiveness but also pervasiveness of pathological processes significantly reduced. The ultrastructural analysis, carried out in 72 hours after beginning of the research, demonstrated that “Lipin” administration did not influence significantly the nature of submicroscopic changes of the components of respiratory tract of the lungs. Conclusion. The obtained results showed that the experimental acute renal failure was accompanied by expressed changes of ultrastructural organization of type I and II alveolocytes, endotheliocytes of blood capillaries and alveolar macrophages. The intraperitoneal administration of “Lipin” led to significant reduction of hyperhydration of the components of respiratory tract of the lungs. The most positive effect produced by “Lipin” was observed on early stage (during the first 24 hours) after beginning of the experiment. Perspective for further research includes a complex morphofunctional study of the condition of components of respiratory tract of the lungs under the influence of “Lipin”.