ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL DENTITION DEFECTS OF KHARKIV POPULATION

The issues of rehabilitation of patients with dentition defects remain relevant today, because the integrity of the dentition is an important physiological condition and one of the main factors for the preservation of occlusion curves and the prevention of various deformities. The study of the prevalence and structure of dentition defects in different age groups and regions of Ukraine is the basis not only for diagnosis but also for planning rehabilitation measures aimed at restoring the dentofacial system functions. Aim of the research. The study of anatomical and topographic characteristics and the structure of small dentition defects of the adult population of Kharkiv according to the results of the orthopantomogram analysis. Materials and methods. The data of 1269 Kharkiv residents aged from 18 to 84 years old were analyzed, among which there were 767 women (62.6%) and 502 men (37.4%). Twelve groups were formed according to the WHO age classification (2019) and relevant recommendations from 18 to 84 years old. The analysis of the dentofacial apparatus was carried out according to such topographic and structural features as the location on the lower or upper jaws, in the frontal or lateral areas, and the simultaneous presence of several small dentition defects. Results and their discussion. The data obtained indicate that there is no difference in the number of small dentition defects depending on the topography (lower or upper jaw) but confirm the existence of a direct correlation between their prevalence and the age of the patients both in the whole (r = 0.4207, p = 0.00) and for each jaw separately (r = 0.2863, p = 0.000 for the lower jaw and r = 0.3568, p = 0.00 for the upper jaw). It was also found that there were 13.38 times more lateral localization defects than frontal (p <0.001). This may be due to the patients' attention first of all to the condition of the frontal teeth, which leads to their later extraction. At the same time, the lateral teeth are subject to extraction more often due to their untimely treatment caused by the lack of the patient's motivation for aesthetic reasons as well as a significant percentage of unsatisfactory results of endodontic treatment of multi-rooted teeth. The highest prevalence of small dentition defects in the frontal areas was recorded in patients from 45 to 69 years old and each of them mainly had one defect. The highest prevalence of small dentition defects in the lateral areas was recorded in patients from 35 to 44 years old and each of them mainly had one or two defects. The established topographic features of the prevalence of small dentition defects in the frontal and lateral areas may be associated with the primary attention of patients to the condition of the teeth of the frontal zones, which leads to a later date of their removal. At the same time, the teeth of the lateral areas are subject to removal more often because of their untimely treatment, due to the lack of motivation of the patient for aesthetic reasons, as well as due to a significant percentage of unsatisfactory results of endodontic treatment of multiple roots. Thus, the study confirms the high prevalence of small CFDs in the population of Kharkiv region and the importance of information on CFD structure of importance for the organization and planning of certain areas of dental care.