PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF CEREBRAL STRIPS OF ILIAC LYMPHATIC NODES DURING ACTION ON THE ORGANISM OF THE OPIOID NALBUFINЕ

Nalbuphinе is widely used in medical practice because it has a pronounced analgesic effect. However, in addition to its positive properties, it causes pathological processes in organs and tissues. The aim of the study – to investigate structural changes in the medulla cords of the medulla substance of the iliac lymph nodes with long-term exposure to nalbu-phine. Materials and methods. A model of physical opioid dependence was created with the involvement of 52 outbred white male rats according to patent № 76564 U "Method of modeling physical opioid dependence in rats". The animals were divided into 8 groups: 1 group – 5 intact rats; 2 group – 5 individuals who were daily administered nalbuphine for 1 week at a dose of 8 mg/kg; 3 group – 5 rats, whose dose of nalbuphine during the second week was increased to 15 mg/kg; 4 group – 5 individuals whose dose of nalbuphine grew up to 20 mg/kg during the third week; 5 group – 5 individuals whose dose of nalbuphine was raised to 25 mg/kg during the fourth week; 6 group – 5 animals whose dose of nal-buphine was increased to 30 mg/kg during the fifth week; 7 group – 5 rats, whose dose of nalbuphine during the sixth week comprised 35 mg/kg; 8 group – 5 individuals recovering after a week of drug withdrawal. Twelve ex-perimental rats were selected for control, to which 0,9 % sodium chloride solution was identically administered daily instead of nalbuphine. The latter was intramuscularly administered to the right buttock daily for six weeks. Sections were made on an UMTP-6M ultramicrotome using a diamond knife (DIATOM) and double contrast was performed according to Reynolds and uranyl acetate. Lymph node sections were examined on a TEM-100 electron transmission microscope and photodocuted using a SONY – H9 digital camera. Semi-thin sections 1–2 mm thick were made on an LMB-3 ultramicrotome (Sweden) and stained with methylene blue. Results. The prolonged six-week administration of nalbuphine leads to severe destructive changes in the medulla cords of the iliac lymph nodes at the submicro-scopic level. The damage to the structure of B-lymphocytes has been observed. They are characterized by the phenomenon of apoptosis, i.e. pathologically altered nuclei were found in most cells, mostly in a state of karyorexis or cаryolysis. The nuclear membrane in most cells is fuzzy, the perinuclear space is found only in some areas, there are enlightened unstructured areas in the cytoplasm, some hypertrophied with a light matrix of mitochondria. The boundaries between the cells are blurred with expanded intercellular spaces. Macrophages accumulate damaged cell structures in the cytoplasm due to active phagocytosis. Submicroscopically, the nuclei in reticuloendotheliocytes change significantly: the nuclear membrane has deep intussusception, electron-light or dense nucleoplasm. Dystrophic changes of the cytoplasm are characterized by edema, uneven thickening of the tubules of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, their fragmentation with the formation of vacuole-like struc-tures. The outgrowths are thickened, there are electron-bright unstructured areas of the cytoplasm, a violation of the integrity of the cell membrane occurs in some places. Conclusions. Six-week administration of opioid-nalbuphine to experimental animals causes severe irreversible destructive-degenerative changes of all cell populations in the medulla cords of the medulla substance of the iliac lymph nodes at the submicroscopic level, which do not recover after drug withdrawal.