SLEEPING AND SLEEP DISORDERS IN CHILDREN: MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The article shows the importance of a full restorative night sleep and its main disorders in children of different age. Sleep disorders in children are an issue that remains insignificant in practical pediatrics. It is clearly proven that sleep disorders can significantly make worse the course of diseases that the child already has, or be the basis for the development of new ones. The nature of sleep affects the cognitive development, regulation of attention, mood, behavior and health of children in general. Detection of sleep disorders and their timely correction can improve the quality of life of children. The purpose of the work is to analyze the prob-lem of sleep disorders in children and the possibility of its correction. Results. According to the International Classifi-cation for Sleep Disorders 3rd Edition 2014 (ICSD-3), proposed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, there are the following types of disorders: insomnia, parasomnia, disorders associated with respiratory disor-ders in sleep, circadian rhythm disorders "sleep-wake", movement disorders, hypersomnia and others. Insomnia is a group of sleep disorders character-ized by difficulty falling asleep without parental help, frequent awaking at night and the inability to fall asleep again or wake up earlier in the morning than usual. In-somnia in childhood is divided into behavioral, psycho-physiological and transient sleep disorders. Parasomnias are physical events that occur dur-ing sleep or wakefulness. Parasomnias such as somno-lence, bruxism, night terrors and nightmares occur in 50% of children under 14 years of age. Hypersomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by daytime sleepiness and the need for additional daytime rest. Types of disorders such as narcolepsy type 1 and 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia are known. Circadian rhythm disorders are the disorders that adolescents suffer from most commonly. Complaints of patients are drowsiness, headache, problems with concentration. Circadian rhythms, the changes in activity and rest, are most important for the human organism because almost all physiological and biochemical processes in the body depend on daily fluctuations. Obstructive sleep apnea is a respiratory disorder characterized by repeated episodes of prolonged upper airway obstruction during sleep that leads to complete blockage (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) decreasing of airflow; cessation of airflow in the nose and / or mouth, as well as sleep disorders. Both hypoxia and multiple awakenings resulting from this obstruction contribute to significant metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurocogni-tiveimpairments. Typical nocturnal symptoms of OSA are loud snoring with episodes of apnea, restless sleep, sweating, and a specific position of the child (sleeping with an outstretched neck) during sleep. Daytime symp-toms include chronic nasal congestion with nasal conges-tion, morning headache, daytime drowsiness with inattention and distraction, and learning difficulties due to difficulty concentrating. Conclusions. Sleep is the main component of a child's healthy and quality life. Sleep disorders commonly occur in childhood and most of them can be corrected by simple dietary and educational guidelines, the question of a child's sleep should be an integral part of every routine pediatric examination. Proper treatment of organic sleep disorders requires their proper diagnosis. Therapy of these disorders depends on the etiological factor. Sleep disorder problems need to be diagnosed and treated to minimize possible side effects.