Study of the Activating Effect of Introducing Air Additives into the Reactor during Fuel Oil Cracking on Composite Catalysts

In this research commodity fuel oil and fuel oil of the M-100 brand from the Amangeldy Gas Processing Plant (Kazakhstan) were used as cracking raw materials. The effect of adding air with different concentrations into the reaction mixture of fuel oil during the cracking on the composite catalysts was determined. Composite catalysts were prepared on the basis of natural Kazakhstan raw materials: zeolite of the Taizhuzgen deposit and clay of the Narynkol deposit. They were activated by ion exchange of sodium cations of the zeolite framework to cations of lanthanum and ammonium. It was found that the optimal for the process of cracking fuel oil at high feed rates to the reactor is a temperature of 470°C.The yield of the kerosene-gas oil fraction during cracking of fuel oil slightly decreases with increasing volumetric feed rate. At high concentrations in the reaction mixture of air, intense gas formation begins. Therefore, air additives contribute to a deeper destruction of the hydrocarbons of the cracked feed. In the presence of air, a secondary process of symmetrical decomposition of medium-molecular hydrocarbons begins, accompanied by cyclization of the resulting hydrocarbon molecules of the gasoline fraction. The results of the research on the use of activation of cracked fuel oil by dosed injection of air into the reaction zone indicate great prospects for a new direction in the catalytic processing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks