Bioassay Essential Oils on Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Background: Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum are pests spread inside the stores and homes. These pests infest stored grains and many others seeds in the stores and bakery. These controlled by insecticides. The essential have a promising research results in controlling these pests and decreasing the insect infestations. The natural essential oils have a low effect on the human, non-target insects, and do not pollute the environments. This research is an alternative approach to natural control these two stored product pests. Methods: Four essential oils namely, Lantana camara, Acorus calamus, caraway oil and Ammi majus were estimated on two stored product insects T. confusum and T. castaneum. Encapsulation method by the technology of polymerization was followed. The nano oils at 0.5% were estimated on the 3rd larval instars. Percentages of accumulative mortality were calculated after seven days of the experiments. The effect of nano-oils on oviposition experiments made by spraying two grams of foams of the tested oils and their nano formulations mixed with 100 gram of wheat. Results data obtained detected that, the Percentage of larval mortality increase by increasing the concetrations for both insects T. confusum and T. castaneum. T. confusum tested larvae were more susceptible to the treatments than T. castaneum larvae. Nano A. majus oil showed a stronger effecte than that L. camara or A. calamus oil. Adult emergence percent and fecundity showed a highly decreasing after treatments with nano-oil L. camara, A. calamus, A. majus oils under storage conditions, compared to those of the controls or non-nano-oils. The results suggested that nano A. majus can be used as a valuable tool in pest management programs of T. confusum and T. castaneum Conclusion: The results of this work indicate that some essential oils might be helpful management of pests in the stores because of their fumigant and odor action. Essential oils of plant origin contain active ingredients which are effective against many insects. Nano formulations of essential oils, through controlled release, prevent speed violate and decay and, also increase the stability of the oils. Treated foam, using L. camara, A. majus, caraway, and A. calamus oils gave protectthe wheat seeds from two pests infestations.