GASOMEDIATOR H2S IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS

This review was aimed to briefly summarize current knowledge of the biological roles of gasomediator H2S in hemostasis and cardiovascular diseases. Since the discovery that mammalian cells are enzymatically producing H2S, this molecule underwent a dramatic metamorphosis from dangerous pollutant to a biologically relevant mediator. As a gasomediator, hydrogen sulfide plays a role of signaling molecule, which is involved in a number of processes in health and disease, including pathogenesis of cardiovascular abnormalities, mainly through modulating different patterns of vasculature functions and thrombotic events. Recently, several studies have provided unequivocal evidence that H2S reduces blood platelet reactivity by inhibiting different stages of platelet activation (platelet adhesion, secretion and aggregation) and thrombus formation. Moreover, H2S changes the structure and function of fibrinogen and proteins associated with fibrinolysis. Hydrogen sulfide regulates proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, thus modulating angiogenesis and vessel function. Undoubtedly, H2S is also involved in a multitude of other physiological functions. For example, it exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production and increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes. Some studies have demonstrated the role of hydrogen sulfide as a therapeutic agent in various diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. Further studies are required to evaluate its importance as a regulator of cell physiology and associated cardiovascular pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction and stroke.