Freshwater Biodiversity and Conservation Challenges: A Review

The distinctive feature of Earth is life, and the most exclusive and extraordinary feature of existing life is its vast diversity. Currently, natural freshwater resources are under critical crisis. A contemporary environmental issue is basically conservation of freshwater biodiversity which will lead to the strengthening of ecosystem resilience. It was detected that the reality of increasing anthropogenic activities were continuously degrading the earth's aquatic ecosystem. The conservation of freshwater resources are the most unprecedented challenges for human interferences ranging from depletion of physical structure to extinction of gens, species and biological traits at an alarming rate. Overexploitation, loss of aquatic habitat and fragmentation, water pollution, destruction by land use activities, the introduction of invasive aquatic species, over harvesting and changes in geochemical cycles and global climate change are major threats to freshwater biodiversity. Human survival is basically affected by the loss of aquatic biodiversity as well as being plaintive for its own sake. Biodiversity can be conserved only by proper understanding, knowing the facts of proper planning and effective management of human affairs.