GINSENG MODULATES STEROID HORMONES ACTION, PRODUCTION AND METABOLISM; A NARATIVE REVIEW ON ANDROGENS, ESTROGENS AND CORTICOSTEROIDS

Ginseng is a traditional eastern Asian herbal supplement and is commonly identified as the King of all herbs and is found to be a promising agent to improve general well-being via slowing down the aging process. the pharmacological active constituents of ginseng are the ginseng saponins, which are composed of several ginsenosides. Ginsenosides are functional ligands for intracellular nuclear hormone receptors such as androgen, estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors. this manuscript reviews the current knowledge about the multifaceted effects of ginseng in modulating steroid hormone action and the extensive range of pharmacological and physiological effects of different types of ginsenosides in the potential effective treatments in many disorders including cardiovascular, central nervous system, immune, endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic disorders.