VESNA // VESHNA: EXPERIENCE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ROOT NEST ON THE MATERIAL OF THE RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE AND RUSSIAN FOLK DIALECTS

The article presents a corpus of literary and dialect vocabulary with variant roots of vesn(a) // veshn(a) (spring), formed on the basis of data from various dictionaries: «Derivational Dictionary of Russian Language» A.N. Tikhonov, etymological dictionaries of the Russian language M. Fasmer, P.Ya. Chernykh and A.K. Shaposhnikov, explanatory dictionary V.I. Dahl, «The Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects», which continues to be published at the Institute of Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg), and the «Dictionary of Russian Dialects of Bashkiria» edited by Z.P. Zdobnova. Reconstruction of the nest based on word-formation and semantic derivation of single-root words allowed to systematize the literary and dialect vocabulary on common grounds, to restore and visually show variant lexemes, the presence of which is due to the action of phonetic laws and word-formation features of Russian dialects. As a result of the etymological, derivational and semantic analysis of single-root words, the root nest of vesn(a) // veshn(a) (spring) with vertex was reconstructed, presented in the form of a scheme organized in accordance with the principles of construction of word-formation and etymological nests developed by A.N. Tikhonov and J.J. Warbot. In general, the reconstructed root nest contains 114 words, an insignificant part of which – 18 lexemes – belongs to the literary language. On this basis, an important conclusion can be made about the richest system of cognate dialect words, many times exceeding the capacity of the literary language in reflecting the Russian national picture of the world. Only the forces of one root and an extensive system of word-formation suffix denote the entire «spring» sphere of life of the Russian peasant: climate signs, the impact of this time of year on the appearance and well-being of a person, especially life, agricultural field work, animal husbandry, fisheries and spring fisheries